The State Forensic Science Laboratory made its humble beginning from the pre-existing RFSL establishment (of the SFSL Bihar), situated in Ranchi. Though the need of establishing a state level Forensic Science Laboratory was felt soon after the formation of the state, however, its creation was formally announced on 22nd December 2005. Twenty five acres of land were allotted for construction of the SFSL building at Hotwar, Ranchi. Required funds have also been sanctioned to build the structure in phases. The laboratory will eventually become a full-fledged campus with infrastructure facilities such as staff quarters, auditorium, guest house, conference hall, etc. At present, the entire structure of the laboratory building is completed and the finishing work is about to begin. The construction work is due to be completed by the end of 2010.

In the month of June 2006 the post of Director was filled up and later, other scientist and technicians from Bihar FSL joined the laboratory. Actual case examinations started from the month of September 2006 with bare minimum facilities and reports started reaching to the courts. Considering important role of forensic science laboratory in criminal justice system, decisions were taken and adequate funds were sanctioned to renovate jail wards situated outside the old jail as temporary work place for the FSL till its building at Hotwar is completed. On 15th January 2008, the laboratory was shifted to the present location. At present, the laboratory can boast of having many sophisticated and ultra modern analytical equipment. Several units such as Forensic Ballistic, Biology, Serology, Explosives, Physics, Toxicology, General Chemistry including NDPS and above all DNA Profiling units were established with state-of-the-art facilities and are actively engaged in case works. It has a proper strong room, a confidential unit and a decent barrack for the security personnel guarding the laboratory. All the units of the laboratory is meeting the standard protocol followed by any modern Forensic Science Laboratory. investigation, mobile vans were sent to eighteen districts of the state. Swaraj Madza vehicles were converted into a mobile forensic laboratory. The mobile van would help the investigating officers to collect physical evidence from the scenes of crimes and besides, it would also assist them in recording of the scene of crime, write observation report. Each van is equipped with modern crime scene processing kits shown in the photographs, above. At present, graduate constables trained in scientific crime investigation are deputed to the vans to assist the investigating officer.